This is Part 1 of a several part series.
Over the centuries, the figure of Paul has played a vital role in defining Christian belief, in many permutations. One can think of there being the “Sexist Paul”, the “Pro-Slavery Paul”, the “Libertine Paul”, the “Gnostic Paul”, and many others.

In the modern era, debates have formed surrounding the “New Perspective” on Paul and how to reinterpret his writings for the modern age. Its critics summarize this New Perspective, to give one example, as rejecting the notion of justification by faith alone, arguing instead that works are required for justification. The movement’s proponents explain it in a number of different ways; N.T. Wright argues that Paul charges us “with being and bringing signs of hope, of restorative justice, to the world… Let’s put the justice back in justification.” The Gnostic Paul by Elaine Pagels

Of interest is N.T. Wright’s argument in the linked article that “anything to do with strong religious emotion, anything which downplays outward observance… reinforce that gnosticism which is a poison at the heart of much contemporary culture”.

I would disagree with Dr. Wright, and in fact argue that his position is aligned with gnostic perspectives on Paul. In fact, as we continue looking at Elaine Pagel’s book The Gnostic Paul, we’ll see how certain gnostic thinkers interpreted Paul’s writings. Specifically, in this post, we’ll look at a gnostic interpretation of Paul’s letter to the Galatians.

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Alternate title for this post: 27 Days Later. You’ll see.

While many fears and anxieties have changed over time as cultures changed, human history has long been full of the stories of cannibals. Even in modern society, in which there is likely little to fear from cannibals, they still capture the imagination, whether in fiction and movies or– in certain rare but highly publicized cases– fears about real-world individuals. The idea of cannibalism strikes at the intersection of quite a few fundamental and universal fears, taboos, and grotesque concepts. In ancient times, it was no different. cannibal-blood

In the apocryphal text called the Acts of Andrew and Matthias, which according to David Brakke in The Apocryphal Jesus may have been originally been a part of the poorly preserved Acts of Andrew, the apostle Matthew make their way to the country of the man-eaters. There, flesh is eaten, blood flows freely, and hard drugs are consumed. This text may not teach radically change your worldview or teach you the secret metaphysical under-workings of the universe , but sometimes, we all need the apocryphal equivalent of a late night horror flick!

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I’m pleased to say that this week marks the one-year anniversary of Non-Canonical Christianity’s launch! Outside the blog, it’s been a year of tremendous and world-wide change, undoubtedly spearheaded by the effects of COVID-19. In a world of masks, vaccinations, and such tremendous shifting, it’s been a joy to work on the site. I hope you all have enjoyed reading it, too.Non-Canonical Christianity

In the below post, I’m going to share some specifics about the year and the different topics that the site has covered. Interested in reading more? Click below to continue!

Over the centuries, Christians have had lots of ideas about demonic or sinister powers. Some Christians believe that people can be possessed by demons… and an even smaller subset thinks that demons can even possess Christians! There are still people out there who’ll offer to exorcise demons from you. Going to someone else to cure your evil? Sounds like a good bargain!demonic tree

Modern ideas around demons and exorcism, however, can sometimes miss the point. We tend to think of demons like modern rationalists– do they exist, and if so, what are the objective implications? However, early Christians often thought about them radically differently; in fact, they thought about them in the opposite order! Rather than starting with a hypothesis (demons exist!) and then working through all the different things that this entails, they started by reflecting on their experience and then generating mythology to interpret that experience.

We’ve written before about how the Demiurge was used by early Christians to wrestle with tensions they faced in scripture. In the Gospel of Philip, the Valentinian writer explores the implications of the world they see through such mythological language. Why do people call things “good” that are actually bad? Why do good things happen to bad people? What is evil, and why is it so powerful?

If you’re interested to learn more about how the Gospel of Philip treats demonic powers, keep reading, below!

Most modern Christian groups practice baptism. The ritual itself differs widely– some baptize by fully immersing an individual in water (even babies!), while others practice baptism by sprinkling water on the head (a practice called affusion). The faithful have also differed in terms of who should be baptized. Should only professing individuals be baptized? Children? And what does baptism actually signify? baptism

Partisan thinkers will argue that their belief system, whatever that happens to be, goes back to the dawn of Christendom. However, even in its origins, Christianity was very diverse. For example: different Christian sects such as the Valentinians and the Sethians had diverse opinions on the matter (and often diverse opinions amongst themselves).

In this post, we’re going to explore baptism liturgy in the Sethian tradition as it’s described in the treatise, The Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. As usual, it’s pulling from Meyer’s excellent translation; if you don’t have a copy, I encourage you to pick up your own. As we look at it, we’ll find a fascinating take on baptism that differs from almost all widely practiced modern perspectives!

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Was Christ in Genesis 1? Most people have heard some version of the story with the serpent in the Garden of Eden described in Genesis 3, in which God commands Adam and Eve not to eat from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, but the snake talks Eve (and, indirectly, Adam) into doing so. The story, as well as many other stories in Genesis, have inspired countless people throughout the ages– both those who take it literally and those who take it figuratively. For those who take it literally, however, there are some pretty challenging problems. Tree of Garden of Eden

The depiction of God can be cruel (for example, turning Lot’s wife into salt), genocidal (with the Flood), and even… perhaps factually wrong. It’s this last one that helped inspire early Christian thinkers, like the author of the Testimony of Truth, to think differently about the story. In the Testimony of Truth, not only is the God depicted in the garden of Eden malicious, but the snake is not the devil– it’s Christ!

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Did the early Christian Gnostics have tiers of secret knowledge reserved for the elite who climbed the ranks? Were their tracts similar to modern cults in which only by progressing can one gain access to greater revelations from a guru? In reality, the question is loaded from the start– it’s impossible to talk about Gnostics as a singular group, and literature that has been called “gnostic” is as profoundly varied as the groups and schools of thought which have been ascribed that title. Reality and Knowledge in the Treatise on Resurrection

To understand how some early Christian thinkers approached what could be considered “secret” knowledge, let’s approach what is often considered a Valentinian tract– The Treatise on Resurrection. I’ve written previously on how this document emphasized the present nature of resurrection, the illusory nature of the world, and the criticality of internalizing that knowledge.

In this post, we’re going to be looking not at the content of the Treatise’s beliefs, but about the approach it takes to communicating and sharing that content. For the author, Christ is critical– in fact, Christ is the very reason why such previously unknowable knowledge is no longer secret, but is available to all who have ears to hear. Let’s talk about secret and shared knowledge in The Treatise on Revelation.

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Continue reading “Secret and Shared Knowledge in The Treatise on Revelation”

What is reality? You probably think that it’s comprised of your body, what exists physically, and other tangible things like the inevitability of death. You may also find the Christian ideas of resurrection, spirit, and truth to be illusory– perhaps to be believed, but not able to be grasped as “real”. However, some early Christian writers– like the Valentinian author of The Treatise on Resurrection — held the opposite view.

Those Christians considered the physical and material world to be illusory, and spirituality to be what is “real”. Central to this idea was the presentness of resurrection and its implications for achieving spiritual peace. What did this author mean by resurrection? Why was he skeptical of the reality of the material world? And what did he think this meant for the Christians of his time? It all starts, according to the Treatise on Resurrection, by understanding when Jesus died!

Reality and Knowledge in the Treatise on Resurrection

When Did Christ Die?

When asked when Jesus died, you probably answered, “at his crucifixion”. However, for the author of this text, that is incorrect. The Treatise argues that death is not something that merely occurs at the end of life; rather, it is an essential quality of the world, of the “law of nature, which I call death”. The very fact that we are physical and material creatures means, in some very real sense, that we are already dead– what we call “life” is really the process of dying, and we– just like every other living (and even non-living) material thing– are fundamentally condemned to death and destruction.

The very thing we call “life”, then, is false– in reality, it is death. Christ, for the author of the Treatise, preexisted in a realm above death as “from above, a seed of truth” who existed “before the structure of the world, with all its dominions and deities, came into being”.  By living as a human, 

“[He] embraced both aspects, humanity and divinity, so that by being a son of God he might conquer death, and by being a son of humanity fullness might be restored”

What does this mean for us? The author of the Treatise thought that Paul showed the way.

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When Rethinking Gnosticism by Michael Williamsdiscussing early Christianity and non-canonical texts, the words “Gnostic” and “Gnosticism” gets thrown constantly. In his compelling book “Rethinking Gnosticism“, Professor Michael Williams at the University of Washington argues that the entire categories of “gnosticism” and “gnostic” are fundamentally problematic and should be abandoned. His arguments are detailed, fascinating, and will require many posts to explore; in this specific post, I plan to cover the high-level issue has he explores it.

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Continue reading “Did Gnosticism Exist? Professor Williams’ Surprising Denial!”

It can be hard for those with different perspectives on religion and spirituality to be bold and direct. In the Secret Book of James, Jesus commands Peter and James to resist the temptation to shy away from conflict and keep their faith as a strictly internal matter. Let’s dive into a few passages from the text, using the Marvin Meyer’s translation found in the Nag Hammadi Scriptures

How Dare  You Be Apathetic?

In the Secret Book of James, Jesus reprimands James and Peter:

Do you still dare to listen when from the beginning you should have been speaking? Do you still dare to sleep when from the beginning you should have been awake so that heaven’s kingdom might receive you?The Secret Book of James (Bold Christian Text)

For Jesus, there may indeed be a time for listening, but this is not it. We must not go through our lives as those asleep, when we are called to being awake that the kingdom of God might receive us. We are challenged to not accept passivity or apathy, but to be bold and active as we engage with spirituality. This passage is immediately followed by:

I tell you the truth, it is easier for a holy person to sink into defilement and for an enlightened person to sink into darkness than for you to reign— or not to reign.

To reign is to commit; to not reign is to commit. Jesus here challenges James and Peter that it would be easier for them to become sinners or unenlightened (which should sound impossible for apostles such as these!) than it would be for them to be bold, as they are commanded to do. They– and thus we– stand condemned if they refuse to take a stand, make a commitment, and to live with their decision.

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Continue reading “Jesus Commands: Be Bold (in the Secret Book of James)”